Fight, Flight, Freeze, or Fawn: How We Respond to Threats

The primary function of the brain is not to keep one happy or calm, but to keep one alive. Fight, flight, freeze, and fawn are natural ways our bodies react to real or imagined danger.

Key Takeaways

  • Fight: Responding to threat by aggressively confronting or standing up to it.
  • Flight: Escaping or avoiding danger by physically removing yourself from the situation.
  • Freeze: Becoming immobile or unable to act when faced with a threat.
  • Fawn: Trying to please or appease the threat to avoid conflict or harm.

The fight, flight, freeze, and fawn responses are types of trauma responses and stress responses that occur when the brain perceives a threat.

These are part of the body’s automatic defense system, known as the autonomic nervous system, which controls involuntary functions like heart rate and respiration.

The fight-or-flight response is the most well-known, involving either confronting (fight) or escaping (flight) a threat.

The freeze response involves becoming still or numb, while the fawn response involves appeasing or submitting to avoid harm.

These behaviors are deeply rooted in human behavior and evolution, designed to enhance survival in dangerous situations.

 
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Florence Yeung

BSc (Hons), Psychology, MSc, Clinical Mental Health Sciences

Editor at Simply Psychology

Florence Yeung is a certified Psychological Wellbeing Practitioner with three years of clinical experience in NHS primary mental health care. She is presently pursuing a ClinPsyD Doctorate in Clinical Psychology at the Hertfordshire Partnership University NHS Foundation Trust (HPFT). In her capacity as a trainee clinical psychologist, she engages in specialist placements, collaborating with diverse borough clinical groups and therapeutic orientations.


Saul McLeod, PhD

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MRes, PhD, University of Manchester

Editor-in-Chief for Simply Psychology

Saul McLeod, PhD., is a qualified psychology teacher with over 18 years of experience in further and higher education. He has been published in peer-reviewed journals, including the Journal of Clinical Psychology.

Olivia Guy-Evans, MSc

Associate Editor for Simply Psychology

BSc (Hons) Psychology, MSc Psychology of Education

Olivia Guy-Evans is a writer and associate editor for Simply Psychology, where she contributes accessible content on psychological topics. She is also an autistic PhD student at the University of Birmingham, researching autistic camouflaging in higher education.