Correlation means association – more precisely, it measures the extent to which two variables are related. There are three possible results of a correlational study: a positive correlation, a negative correlation, and no correlation
Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling method where data is collected from an easily accessible and available group of people. The individuals in the sample are selected not because they are most representative of the entire population, but because they are most easily accessible to the researcher.
A controlled experiment aims to demonstrate causation between variables by manipulating an independent variable while controlling all other factors that could influence the results. Its purpose is to show that changes in one variable (the independent variable) directly cause changes in another variable (the dependent variable).
In research, the control group is the one not exposed to the variable of interest (the independent variable) and provides a baseline for comparison. The experimental group, on the other hand, is exposed to the independent variable. Comparing results between these groups helps determine if the independent variable has a significant effect on the outcome (the dependent variable).
According to Tulving (1974), when we learn information, we also encode details about the environment in which we learned the information and the physical and … Read more
Contact hypothesis was proposed by Gordon Allport (1897-1967) and states that social contact between social groups is sufficient to reduce intergroup prejudice. However, empirical evidence … Read more
Constructivism is a learning theory that emphasizes the active role of learners in building their own understanding. Rather than passively receiving information, learners reflect on their experiences, create mental representations, and incorporate new knowledge into their schemas. This promotes deeper learning and understanding.
A confounding variable is an unmeasured third variable that influences, or “confounds,” the relationship between an independent and a dependent variable by suggesting the presence of a spurious correlation.
Conformity is a type of social influence involving a change in belief or behavior in order to fit in with a group. This change is … Read more
Conflict theory in sociology posits that society is characterized by various inequalities and conflicts that arise due to differences in power, resources, and social status. It emphasizes the competition between groups, often framing issues in terms of dominance and subordination. This theory challenges the status quo and highlights social change driven by these conflicts.