Prejudice encompasses the cognitive and emotional biases one holds internally towards a group, while discrimination manifests these biases through actions or behaviors, negatively affecting members of the targeted group.
Positivism is a term used to describe an approach to the study of society that relies specifically on empirical scientific evidence, such as controlled experiments and statistics.
Positive reinforcement is a basic principle of Skinner’s operant conditioning, which refers to the introduction of a desirable or pleasant stimulus after a behavior, such as a reward.
Polyamory involves having open, honest and consensual non-monogamous relationships with multiple partners.
Pluralistic ignorance is a term used to explain why people also fail to respond to an emergency when there are other people around.
A pilot study, also called a “feasibility” study, is a small-scale preliminary study conducted before any large-scale quantitative research to evaluate the potential for a future, full-scale project.
Piliavin I. M., Rodin, J., & Piliavin, J. A. (1969). Good samaritanism: an underground phenomenon?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 13 (4), 289. Aim … Read more
Pierre Janet was a French psychologist responsible for the development of psychological analysis, widely considered to be a precursor to Freud’s psychoanalysis.
Piaget’s Theory of Moral Development posits that children’s understanding of morality evolves in stages. Initially, they see rules as unchangeable and imposed by authorities (“heteronomous morality”). Later, they recognize that rules are created by people and can be negotiated, leading to a more autonomous and cooperative understanding of morality (“autonomous morality”).
Jean Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development outlines four stages (sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational) in a child’s cognitive development from infancy to adolescence.