According to Cannon-Bard theory of emotion, physiological arousal and emotional experience occur simultaneously, yet independently. This theory was proposed in the 1920s and early 1930s by Walter B. Cannon and Philip Bard.
The Anchoring and Adjustment Heuristic is a mental shortcut used in decision-making where an initial, or “anchor” point is set, and adjustments are made until an acceptable value is reached. The anchor, once set, has a strong influence, often leading to bias because adjustments are typically insufficient shifts from the initial anchor, resulting in estimations skewed towards the anchor.
Social exchange theory proposes that social behavior is the result of an exchange process, in which people weigh the potential benefits and risks of relationships. People are motivated to maximize benefits and minimize costs, and relationships form, continue, or dissolve based on the perceived worth of the exchange.
A Z-score table, also called the standard normal table, or z-score chart, is a mathematical table that allows us to know the percentage of values below (usually a decimal figure) to the left of a given Z-score on a standard normal distribution (SND).
A z-score, also known as a standard score, is a statistical measurement that indicates how many standard deviations a particular data point is away from a distribution’s mean (average). It is a way to standardize and compare data points from different distributions.
The zone of proximal development (ZPD) refers to the difference between what a learner can do without help and what he or she can achieve with guidance and encouragement from a skilled partner.
In Zimbardo’s Stanford Prison experiment, participants were randomly assigned to one of two groups, guards or prisoners. after a few days, the prisoners staged a failed revolt and were consequently punished and humiliated by the guards.
The Zeigarnik Effect is the tendency for tasks that have been interrupted and uncompleted to be better remembered than tasks that have been completed.
Xenophobia is the fear or hatred of people from different countries or cultures. It can manifest as prejudice, discrimination, or antagonism directed against someone of a different nationality or ethnic background based solely on their origin.
Wilhelm Wundt opened the Institute for Experimental Psychology at the University of Leipzig in Germany in 1879. This was the first laboratory dedicated to psychology, … Read more