A toxic relationship refers to a detrimental and unhealthy connection characterized by behaviors that undermine one’s well-being, such as emotional manipulation, disrespect, control, and a lack of support.
Top-down processing in psychology refers to perception guided by prior knowledge, experiences, and expectations, influencing the interpretation of sensory information.
Latent learning is a type of learning which is not apparent in the learner’s behavior at the time of learning, but which manifests later when a suitable motivation and circumstances appear. This shows that learning can occur without any reinforcement of a behavior.
ASMR stands for Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response, a term used to describe a tingling, calming sensation that typically begins on the scalp and can spread down the neck, spine, or limbs.
The Skinner box, otherwise known as an operant conditioning chamber, is a laboratory apparatus used to study animal behavior within a compressed time frame.
Schemas are cognitive frameworks or concepts that organize and interpret information about the world around us.
Projective tests in psychology are assessment tools that present individuals with ambiguous stimuli, prompting them to interpret or create stories about them. The responses reveal underlying emotions, desires, and conflicts, based on the idea that people project their unconscious feelings onto the ambiguous stimuli. Common examples include the Rorschach inkblot test and the Thematic Apperception Test (TAT).
The electroencephalogram (EEG) is a non-invasive neuroimaging test that can detect and record minute changes in electrical activity within the brain. This is recorded using microelectrodes (large, flat electrodes stuck to the skin or scalp).
A research hypothesis, in its plural form “hypotheses,” is a specific, testable prediction about the anticipated results of a study, established at its outset. The research hypothesis is often referred to as the alternative hypothesis.
A heuristic in psychology is a mental shortcut or rule of thumb that simplifies decision-making and problem-solving. Heuristics often speed up the process of finding a satisfactory solution, but they can also lead to cognitive biases.